#coding:utf8
# These are all the modules we'll be using later. Make sure you can import them
# before proceeding further.

from __future__ import print_function
import collections
import math
import numpy as np
import os
import random
import tensorflow as tf
import zipfile
from matplotlib import pylab
from six.moves import range
from six.moves.urllib.request import urlretrieve
from sklearn.manifold import TSNE

url = 'http://mattmahoney.net/dc/'

def maybe_download(filename, expected_bytes):
  """Download a file if not present, and make sure it's the right size."""
  if not os.path.exists(filename):
    filename, _ = urlretrieve(url + filename, filename)
  statinfo = os.stat(filename)
  if statinfo.st_size == expected_bytes:
    print('Found and verified %s' % filename)
  else:
    print(statinfo.st_size)
    raise Exception(
      'Failed to verify ' + filename + '. Can you get to it with a browser?')
  return filename

filename = maybe_download('/Users/lzy/data/text8.zip', 31344016)

def read_data(filename):
  """Extract the first file enclosed in a zip file as a list of words"""
  with zipfile.ZipFile(filename) as f:
    data = tf.compat.as_str(f.read(f.namelist()[0])).split()
  return data

#words里面包含了所有的单词
words = read_data(filename)
print('Data size %d' % len(words))

#词汇表大小
vocabulary_size = 50000

def build_dataset(words):
  count = [['UNK', -1]]
  count.extend(collections.Counter(words).most_common(vocabulary_size - 1))
  
  #词-索引哈希
  dictionary = dict()
  for word, _ in count:
    dictionary[word] = len(dictionary)
  
  #用索引表示的整个text8文本
  data = list()
  unk_count = 0
  for word in words:
    if word in dictionary:
      index = dictionary[word]
    else:
      index = 0  # dictionary['UNK']
      unk_count = unk_count + 1
    data.append(index)
  
  count[0][1] = unk_count
  # 索引-词哈希  
  reverse_dictionary = dict(zip(dictionary.values(), dictionary.keys())) 
  return data, count, dictionary, reverse_dictionary

data, count, dictionary, reverse_dictionary = build_dataset(words)
print('Most common words (+UNK)', count[:5])
print('Sample data', data[:10])
del words  # Hint to reduce memory.

data_index = 0

def generate_batch(batch_size, num_skips, skip_window):
  global data_index
  assert batch_size % num_skips == 0
  assert num_skips <= 2 * skip_window
  batch = np.ndarray(shape=(batch_size/num_skips), dtype=np.int32)
  labels = np.ndarray(shape=(batch_size), dtype=np.int32)
  span = 2 * skip_window + 1 # [ skip_window target skip_window ]
  buffer = collections.deque(maxlen=span)

  for _ in range(span):
    buffer.append(data[data_index])
    data_index = (data_index + 1) % len(data)
  
  for i in range(batch_size // num_skips):
    target = skip_window  # target label at the center of the buffer
    targets_to_avoid = [ skip_window ]
    for j in range(num_skips):
      while target in targets_to_avoid:
        target = random.randint(0, span - 1)
      targets_to_avoid.append(target)
      batch[i] = buffer[skip_window]
      labels[i*num_skips+j] = buffer[target]
    buffer.append(data[data_index])
    data_index = (data_index + 1) % len(data)
    
    batch1=labels.reshape(batch_size/num_skips,num_skips)
    labels1=batch.reshape(batch_size/num_skips,1)
  return batch1,labels1

print('data:', [reverse_dictionary[di] for di in data[:8]])
print(data[:8])

for num_skips, skip_window in [(2, 1), (4, 2)]:
    data_index = 0
    batch_size=8
    batch, labels = generate_batch(batch_size, num_skips=num_skips, skip_window=skip_window)
    print('\nwith num_skips = %d and skip_window = %d:' % (num_skips, skip_window))
    print('    batch:', [reverse_dictionary[bi] for bi in batch.reshape(batch_size)])
    print('    labels:', [reverse_dictionary[li] for li in labels.reshape(batch_size/num_skips)])
    print(batch,labels)


batch_size = 256
embedding_size = 128 # Dimension of the embedding vector.
skip_window = 1 # How many words to consider left and right.
num_skips = 2 # How many times to reuse an input to generate a label.
# We pick a random validation set to sample nearest neighbors. here we limit the
# validation samples to the words that have a low numeric ID, which by
# construction are also the most frequent. 
valid_size = 16 # Random set of words to evaluate similarity on.
valid_window = 100 # Only pick dev samples in the head of the distribution.
valid_examples = np.array(random.sample(range(valid_window), valid_size))
num_sampled = 64 # Number of negative examples to sample.

graph = tf.Graph()

with graph.as_default(), tf.device('/cpu:0'):

  # Input data.
  train_dataset = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, shape=[batch_size/num_skips,num_skips])
  train_labels = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, shape=[batch_size/num_skips, 1])
  valid_dataset = tf.constant(valid_examples, dtype=tf.int32)
  
  # Variables.均匀分布
  embeddings = tf.Variable(tf.random_uniform([vocabulary_size, embedding_size], -1.0, 1.0))
  
  softmax_weights = tf.Variable(
    tf.truncated_normal([vocabulary_size, embedding_size],mean=0.0,
                         stddev=1.0 / math.sqrt(embedding_size)))
  softmax_biases = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([vocabulary_size]))
  
  # Model.
  # Look up embeddings for inputs.
  embed = sum(tf.nn.embedding_lookup(embeddings, train_dataset[:,i]) for i in range(num_skips))
  # Compute the softmax loss, using a sample of the negative labels each time.
  loss = tf.reduce_mean(
    tf.nn.sampled_softmax_loss(softmax_weights, softmax_biases, embed,
                               train_labels, num_sampled, vocabulary_size))

  # Optimizer.
  # Note: The optimizer will optimize the softmax_weights AND the embeddings.
  # This is because the embeddings are defined as a variable quantity and the
  # optimizer's `minimize` method will by default modify all variable quantities 
  # that contribute to the tensor it is passed.
  # See docs on `tf.train.Optimizer.minimize()` for more details.
  optimizer = tf.train.AdagradOptimizer(1.0).minimize(loss)
  
  # Compute the similarity between minibatch examples and all embeddings.
  # We use the cosine distance:
  # 正则化的embeddings
  norm = tf.sqrt(tf.reduce_sum(tf.square(embeddings), 1, keep_dims=True))
  normalized_embeddings = embeddings / norm
  valid_embeddings = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(normalized_embeddings, valid_dataset)
  similarity = tf.matmul(valid_embeddings, tf.transpose(normalized_embeddings))

num_steps = 40001

with tf.Session(graph=graph) as session:
  tf.initialize_all_variables().run()
  print('Initialized')

  average_loss = 0
  for step in range(num_steps):
    batch_data, batch_labels = generate_batch(batch_size, num_skips, skip_window)
    feed_dict = {train_dataset : batch_data, train_labels : batch_labels}
    _, l = session.run([optimizer, loss], feed_dict=feed_dict)
    
    average_loss += l
    if step % 2000 == 0:
      if step > 0:
        average_loss = average_loss / 2000
      # The average loss is an estimate of the loss over the last 2000 batches.
      print('Average loss at step %d: %f' % (step, average_loss))
      average_loss = 0
    
    # note that this is expensive (~20% slowdown if computed every 500 steps)
    if step % 10000 == 0:
      sim = similarity.eval()
      for i in range(valid_size):
        valid_word = reverse_dictionary[valid_examples[i]]
        top_k = 8 # number of nearest neighbors
        nearest = (-sim[i, :]).argsort()[1:top_k+1]
        log = 'Nearest to %s:' % valid_word
        for k in range(top_k):
          close_word = reverse_dictionary[nearest[k]]
          log = '%s %s,' % (log, close_word)
        print(log)
  final_embeddings = normalized_embeddings.eval()


num_points = 400
# 降维度PCA
tsne = TSNE(perplexity=30, n_components=2, init='pca', n_iter=5000)
two_d_embeddings = tsne.fit_transform(final_embeddings[1:num_points+1, :])

def plot(embeddings, labels):
  assert embeddings.shape[0] >= len(labels), 'More labels than embeddings'
  pylab.figure(figsize=(15,15))  # in inches
  for i, label in enumerate(labels):
    x, y = embeddings[i,:]
    pylab.scatter(x, y)
    pylab.annotate(label, xy=(x, y), xytext=(5, 2), textcoords='offset points',
                   ha='right', va='bottom')
  pylab.show()

words = [reverse_dictionary[i] for i in range(1, num_points+1)]
plot(two_d_embeddings, words)
